Benzoic Acid
Recognized as a safe, well-tolerated preservative, effective against yeast and mold
EWG Safety Score
What Is Benzoic Acid?
Benzoic acid functions as a preservative and pH adjuster in skin care formulations. It is known to be well tolerated and unlikely to cause sensitization in amounts commonly used. It should be combined with other preservatives in order to prevent broader contamination, particularly in water-based formulas. Benzoic acid primarily serves to reduce growth of fungi, such as yeast or mold. It is not considered very active against bacteria.\n\nWhen used as a preservative, it is strongly suggested that the pH of the final formulation be below six for maximum efficacy.\n\nIn 2017, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel looked at personal care products using up to 5% benzoic acid and ruled that this ingredient is safe in cosmetic use. When used as a preservative in skin care products, you’ll find benzoic acid in much lower concentrations, usually between 0.2–0.5%. Note: While benzoic acid can be aromatic in nature, it usually isn’t used in high enough potency to deliver a detectable scent in skin care products.\n\nFun fact: Benzoic acid is naturally found in fruits (berries), nuts, spices and vegetables. Rich sources include strawberries, cayenne pepper, mustard, prunes, cinnamon, and cloves. Benzoic acid is also added to food products as a preservative.
Benefits for Your Skin
Clinical Evidence & References
Published Research
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Introduction to the Chemistry of Food, 2020, pages 251-311 Introduction to the Chemistry of Food, 2020
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Code of Federal Regulations, April 2020, ePublication Code of Federal Regulations, 2020
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Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry, 2019, pages 1-9 Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry, 2019
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International Journal of Toxicology, November 2017, pages 5S-30S International Journal of Toxicology, 2017
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